{"id":3176,"date":"2025-06-01T16:24:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T08:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/?p=3176"},"modified":"2025-06-04T16:24:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T08:42:09","slug":"%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3python%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84members%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/python\/%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3python%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84members%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22 Python \u4e2d\u7684 `dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7372\u53d6\u7269\u4ef6\u5c6c\u6027\u8207\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Python, dir()\"><\/p>\n<h1>Python \u4e2d\u7684 `dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5167\u5efa\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u7372\u53d6\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9084\u662f\u7e7c\u627f\u81ea\u7236\u985e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528 `dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f5c\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 `dir()` \u4f86\u7372\u53d6\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python\">\nclass MyClass:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.a = 1\n        self.b = 2\n\nobj = MyClass()\n\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5217\u8868\nattrs = dir(obj)\n\n# \u5370\u51fa\u5c6c\u6027\u5217\u8868\nprint(attrs)\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u57f7\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python\">\n['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'a', 'b']\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u793a\uff0c`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u5982 `a` \u548c `b`\uff09\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec Python \u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5167\u90e8\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\u6392\u9664<\/h2>\n<p>1. **\u7406\u89e3\u8fd4\u56de\u503c**\uff1a`dir()` \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u8a31\u591a\u5167\u5efa\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 `__init__`\u3001`__str__` \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f Python \u985e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. **\u4f7f\u7528 `vars()`**\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u7372\u53d6\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 `vars()` \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7269\u4ef6\u7684 __dict__ \u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u5be6\u4f8b\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: python\">\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\ncustom_attrs = vars(obj)\nprint(custom_attrs)\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u5c07\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de `{&#8216;a&#8217;: 1, &#8216;b&#8217;: 2}`\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5ef6\u4f38\u61c9\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8abf\u8a66\u548c\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6216\u5eab\u6642\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5eab\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5225\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5b78\u7fd2 Python \u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7de8\u7a0b\u7684\u9032\u968e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003 [\u9019\u88e1](https:\/\/vocus.cc\/article\/5f9c3d0cf9c3e40001c9e7fa) \u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/h2>\n<p>`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f60\u77ad\u89e3 Python \u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u958b\u767c\u9084\u662f\u8abf\u8a66\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c07\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Q&#038;A\uff08\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u7b54\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>**Q1\uff1a`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u548c `vars()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5340\u5225\uff1f**<br \/>\nA1\uff1a`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5167\u90e8\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u800c `vars()` \u50c5\u8fd4\u56de\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>**Q2\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 `dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7372\u53d6\u985e\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff1f**<br \/>\nA2\uff1a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 `dir(YourClass)` \u4f86\u7372\u53d6\u985e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u985e\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>**Q3\uff1a`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u54ea\u4e9b\u7269\u4ef6\uff1f**<br \/>\nA3\uff1a`dir()` \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55 Python \u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5167\u5efa\u6578\u64da\u985e\u578b\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u985e\u9084\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5eab\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3Python\u4e2d\u7684members()\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8f15\u9b06\u5730\u6aa2\u67e5\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39members()\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[18],"tags":[15],"class_list":["post-3176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-python"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/DALL\u00b7E-2022-12-28-14.25.55-\u62f7\u8c9d2.png","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pcFK27-Pe","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3176"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3177,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3176\/revisions\/3177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badgameshow.com\/steven\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}